Labor and Delivery Practice Test

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• Which sign presents as half of the newborn's body red and the other half pale due to vasomotor disturbance?
• Which reflex involves the sole of the foot touching a hard surface, producing reciprocal flexion and extension of the legs?
• Which term best corresponds to the postpartum stage immediately after birth?
• Which movement enables the fetal head to progress through the maternal pelvis?
• Which statement about mature milk is true?
• Which term describes milk produced for about one week, thinner and more watery, higher in fats and lactose, containing more calories than colostrum?
• Which finding would indicate severe features in gestational hypertension requiring urgent management?
• After 20 weeks gestation, gestational hypertension is defined by which blood pressure finding?
• Which of the following describes the normal postpartum fundus and lochia patterns?
• Prolactin is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in which cells?
• How does placenta previa commonly present?
• Which term specifically refers to the postpartum process of the uterus returning to its normal size?
• Which statement defines Category II fetal heart rate pattern and typical management steps?
• If nonreassuring fetal status persists, what is the recommended next step?
• Which term describes the state of being diseased?
• Neonatal resuscitation for a term infant with meconium-stained fluid that is nonvigorous at birth requires which approach?
• How does GBS status influence intrapartum management in the absence of an obstetric indication for cesarean?
• Which milk is the first type produced after birth and contains antibodies and lymphocytes?
• Which statement about fetal scalp sampling is true?
• List the primary steps of intrauterine resuscitation for nonreassuring fetal status.
• Downward progress of the presenting part?
• Which deceleration type mirrors contractions and is usually benign?
• In obstetrics, the presenting part that first enters the pelvis and lies over the inlet, contacting the cervix, is known as what?
• Which term describes the part of the fetus that first enters the pelvis and lies over the inlet, contacting the cervix?
• Which of the following is NOT an absolute contraindication to regional anesthesia?
• Which mechanism best explains decreased placental perfusion in gestational hypertension?
• Which reflex occurs when the head is turned to one side and the opposite limbs extend, resembling a fencing position?
• Which of the following signs is typical of placental abruption, and what are the immediate management priorities?
• Thinning and shortening or obliteration of the cervix that occurs during late pregnancy or labor is called what?
• What is the purpose of Leopold maneuvers?
• Lochia rubra is characterized by which description?
• When is intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis indicated for GBS?
• Which agent is used to treat magnesium sulfate toxicity?
• In labor, cesarean delivery is indicated for fetal status or presentation under which conditions?
• Which method is a mechanical approach to cervical ripening?
• Which term means miscarriage?
• What is the role of internal fetal monitoring and when is it used?
• What is the B-Lynch procedure and when is it employed?
• Which reflex is tested by stroking the sole of the foot to observe if the big toe dorsiflexes and the toes fan out?
• Late decelerations occur at what point in relation to contractions?
• Which fontanelle is smaller and triangular, normally closing by about 2 months of age?
• Fontanelles are defined as a broad area or soft spot consisting of a strong band of connective tissue at the junction of the cranial bones. Which statement best describes this feature?
• Which term describes the function or period during which milk is secreted?
• Which term describes the movement of shoulders and body through birth canal using the same maneuvers as the head?
• Edema in gestational hypertension is best described as:
• What is the term for artificial rupture of the fetal membranes?
• What is the normal baseline fetal heart rate range in a healthy fetus?
• Which stage involves the delivery of the placenta?
• Crossed eyes
• Which stage of labor is defined by cervical dilation with latent phase 0-3 cm, active phase 4-7 cm, and transitional phase 7-10 cm?
• Which condition is most classically an indication for labor induction?
• Lochia alba describes the discharge that is which color and occurs when?
• Which intervention best supports early postpartum breastfeeding initiation?
• Which factor is associated with increased risk of gestational hypertension?
• Which term describes gestational trophoblastic disease usually involving an abnormal placenta?
• Absence or weakness of uterine contractions describes what condition?
• Which substance decreases alveolar surface tension and helps initiate the first breath at birth?
• What is the maximum Apgar score?
• Which condition crosses the skull sutures?
• Which milk is established by about two weeks after delivery and provides approximately 20 kcal per ounce?
• What are early decelerations and their typical cause?
• The head of the fetus is larger than the pelvic outlet describes what condition?
• At birth the skin is covered with a yellowish white cream cheeselike substance. What is this called?
• Which hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates uterine contractions to accelerate childbirth and prevent postpartum hemorrhage?
• Which statement best describes augmentation of labor with oxytocin?
• Lanugo is downy hair most noticeable over the shoulders, forehead, and cheeks; it is found on nearly all parts of the body except which areas?
• What is the term for vaginal discharge during the puerperium that consists of blood, tissue, and mucus?
• Which of the following is a major risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage?
• May occur in response to maternal hormones.
• Active labor begins when cervical dilation reaches which value?
• Which of the following is a sign of chorioamnionitis?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to regional anesthesia during labor?
• PROM stands for rupture of membranes before labor at term. Which option best defines PROM?
• What are the critical steps in neonatal resuscitation immediately after birth?
• Which prior uterine condition constitutes a contraindication to vaginal delivery?
• Which jaundice typically appears 48 hours after birth and gradually disappears by days 7 to 10?
• Which stage is characterized by stabilization of the mother and newborn for 2-4 hours after birth?
• Which scenario constitutes an absolute contraindication to regional anesthesia during labor due to hemodynamic concerns?
• The substance covering the newborn's skin at birth is called what?
• Which term encompasses the passageway, passengers, powers, position of mother, psyche?
• The onset of gestational hypertension occurs after which gestational age?
• What are the five components of the Apgar score?
• What term describes the six-week postpartum period during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their nonpregnant condition?
• What term describes the increased formation and secretion of urine?
• Which condition is defined by blood loss greater than 500 mL after vaginal birth or 24 hours after cesarean birth, representing postpartum hemorrhage?
• The anterior fontanelle is normally large and diamond-shaped and closes at approximately how many months of age?
• Which procedure is commonly used as a non-surgical escalation for postpartum hemorrhage after failure of uterotonics?
• Which fetal heart rate pattern is reassuring and typically managed with routine monitoring?
• Which statement best defines fontanelles?
• Which condition is defined by premature separation of the placenta from the uterus?
• What term describes the fine downy hair covering the fetus between 20 weeks gestation and birth?
• Which sign indicates magnesium sulfate toxicity requiring immediate evaluation?
• Which pregnancy complication refers to implantation of the embryo outside the uterus?
• What are late decelerations and their clinical significance?
• Which of the following is NOT a criterion of the Apgar score?
• Which statement best describes the difference between induction of labor and augmentation of labor?
• Which stage begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the birth of the baby?
• In postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, which escalation step is commonly used after uterotonics fail?
• The posterior fontanelle normally closes by approximately how many months?
• Lactation refers to which of the following?
• Which movement describes the rotation of the fetal head to align with the shoulders during descent?
• Which condition typically presents 1-2 days after birth?
• Which cervical dilation range defines the latent phase of labor?
• What statement best describes labor augmentation indications and method?
• Which term corresponds to the orientation or posture of the fetus within the pelvis?
• Which stage involves the delivery of the baby and typically lasts about 30 minutes to 2 hours?
• Which of the following best differentiates gestational hypertension from preeclampsia?
• Placental perfusion and blood pressure relationship in gestational hypertension?
• Abnormal motion of the eyes
• Which jaundice is first detected on the face and mucous membranes and is considered abnormal within the first 24 hours?
• Which term denotes thinning and shortening of the cervix during late pregnancy or labor?
• Which statement about skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding initiation is most accurate?
• Lanugo begins to appear around which gestational age?
• Which factor is a known risk for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony?
• Which uterine condition is a contraindication to vaginal delivery?
• Which condition involves premature separation of the placenta from the uterus?
• Which newborn reflex is elicited by a sudden loud noise, causing the arms to fling outward and the body to arch?
• Bleeding within the periosteum of a cranial bone, confined to a single bone and not crossing suture lines, usually appearing 1-2 days after birth.
• The body of the infant leaves the pelvis?
• Relationship of fetal body parts to one another is known as what?
• Which of the following best describes magnesium sulfate use and toxicity in obstetric care?
• Which description corresponds to Category III fetal heart rate pattern and urgent actions?
• After about the seventh day, the drainage becomes slightly yellow to white. What is this stage called?
• Left lateral positioning during labor reduces compression of which vessels?
• Which physiologic change is most closely associated with gestational hypertension?
• Why is left lateral positioning used during labor with fetal distress?
• Which term refers to the self-digestion that occurs in tissues due to enzymes within the cells?
• Which statement best describes postpartum endometritis management?
• What is the duration for delayed cord clamping to maximize neonatal benefit?
• Which statement best describes placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum in terms of risk factors and delivery planning?
• The relationship of the cephalocaudal (head-to-buttocks) axis of the fetus to the cephalocaudal axis of the mother is known as what?
• Gestational trophoblastic disease typically involves abnormal placental development and may be termed which condition?
• Which condition is edema of the scalp that crosses suture lines and typically resolves without treatment?
• How is breech presentation managed in labor?
• What are the immediate management priorities in placental abruption?
• What is the purpose of fetal scalp sampling?
• Which term describes bluish coloration of the newborn's hands and feet?
• Which uterotonic is contraindicated in patients with asthma?
• During intrauterine resuscitation, which action is the initial step?
• What are variable decelerations and their common cause?
• Which fontanelle is described as normally large and diamond-shaped and closes around 18 months of age?
• Placenta previa is considered a contraindication to vaginal delivery unless which condition is met?
• Severe-range blood pressure in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is defined as which?
• The relationship of the occiput, sacrum, chin, or scapula of the fetus to the front, back, or sides of the mother's pelvis is called what?
• Too little amniotic fluid often indicative of fetal urinary tract defect is called what?
• What is the typical timeframe for physiologic jaundice to resolve?
• Which term describes the head-to-toe orientation of the fetus relative to the mother's body?
• Nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns indicate which condition due to inadequate oxygen?
• If proteinuria develops in a patient with hypertension after 20 weeks, the condition is best described as?
• Which condition is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)?
• What is the purpose of an intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC) and when is it indicated?
• What is the definitive management for severe gestational hypertension when maternal-fetal status allows?
• Which statement best defines Category I fetal heart rate pattern and its typical management?
• Which term denotes the orientation of the fetal body parts relative to each other?
• Epstein's pearls are small nodules on which structure?
• Occurs when the occiput passes under the pubic symphysis?
• Which condition is defined by placental implantation in the lower uterine segment and may require cesarean birth?
• Which lochia stage is characterized by bright red drainage and is greatest in volume, typically on the first day or two after delivery?
• What is the typical active-labor dilation rate for nulliparous women?
• Which condition is defined by excessive vomiting during pregnancy, leading to major electrolyte and nutritional imbalances?
• Intermittent painless uterine contractions that increase in frequency as pregnancy progresses are known as what?
• For GBS prophylaxis in penicillin-allergic patients, alternatives are chosen based on what?
• What is colostrum?
• Which assessment is performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to assess newborn status using five criteria, with 8-10 considered optimal?
• At term, the ideal attitude for the fetal body is this?
• Which condition is confined to a single bone and does not cross sutures?
• What term describes overlapping of the skull bones during delivery?
• Which reflex is demonstrated when the infant is placed on the abdomen and makes crawling movements with the arms and legs?
• In the first stage of labor, which dilation ranges define the latent, active, and transitional phases?
• Which reflex is characterized by the big toe dorsiflexing and the toes fanning when the sole is stroked along the outer sole to the big toe?
• The first stools of the infant released from the fetal rectum in response to hypoxia are called?
• Which event occurs as the shoulders and body move through the birth canal, using the same maneuvers as the head?
• Which term historically used for Down syndrome results from trisomy 21?
• In GBS prophylaxis during labor, which option represents the recommended regimen?
• Active genital herpes with rupture risk is a contraindication to vaginal delivery. Which of the following is also a contraindication listed?
• Descent of the uterus into the pelvic cavity late in pregnancy is called what?
• Small, white nodules on the hard palate due to epithelial cells and disappearing spontaneously within weeks.
• A history of elevated blood pressure prior to 20 weeks gestation most likely indicates which condition?
• Which term describes undescended testicles, typically found in preterm infants?
• Which term refers to the stage when the head extends as it passes under the pubic symphysis?
• In neonatal resuscitation, when are chest compressions indicated after a period of ventilation?
• Arrest of dilation is defined as no cervical change for more than how many hours with adequate contractions?
• What is tranexamic acid's role in postpartum hemorrhage management?
• Which pregnancy complication is defined as a pregnancy implanted outside the uterus?
• The pelvic inlet is defined by which anatomical line?
• As soon as the head is delivered, it moves to realign with the body and shoulders?
• Which obstetric complication is characterized by placental implantation in the lower uterine segment, often leading to cesarean delivery?
• What is the medical term for miscarriage?
• What initiates the newborn's first breath at birth?
• Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary alveolar cells?
• Occurs when the biparietal diameter of the fetal head crosses the pelvic inlet?
• Proteinuria's role in diagnosis of gestational hypertension?
• Which term means the reduction in size of an organ after childbirth as the uterus returns to normal size?
• As healing of the placental site occurs, the discharge becomes pink to brown and generally lasts until about the seventh day. Which term is this?
• Which condition is an infection of the newborn’s eyes usually arising from gonorrheal or other infection contracted during birth?
• In gestational hypertension, what renal changes are typically observed?
• When should intrapartum antibiotics be given for unknown GBS status during labor?
• Which term describes the intermittent contractions known as Braxton Hicks?
• What is a common risk factor for placenta accreta spectrum?
• Which deceleration type is abrupt and typically due to cord compression?
• How many kilocalories per ounce does mature milk provide?
• What is the recommended approach to cord clamping timing and its benefits?
• Whitish blue-gray with three vessels (one vein and two arteries) and contains Wharton's jelly describes which structure?
• Persistent heavy bleeding with signs such as weakness, lightheadedness, anxiety, air hunger, pale cool clammy skin, tachycardia, and falling blood pressure indicates which condition?
• PPROM management includes which of the following?
• Which condition is an absolute contraindication to regional anesthesia during labor?
• Which term describes the final stage of birth when the infant leaves the pelvis?
• What signs would prompt escalation to cesarean delivery in the setting of nonreassuring fetal status despite resuscitation efforts?
• Which obstetric complication can involve disseminated intravascular coagulation in the setting of obstetric emergencies?
• Which term refers to the quality or state of being subject to death?